Science Explained

Graded Adjusted Pace (GAP) is a concept used in endurance sports, particularly in running and cycling, to account for the impact of elevation changes on pace or speed. It addresses the fact that maintaining a consistent pace on hilly terrain is more challenging than on flat surfaces.

The intensity factor is a metric used in endurance sports, particularly in activities like cycling and running, to quantify the relative intensity of a workout or race compared to an athlete's functional threshold power (FTP) or threshold pace.

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a measure of the variation in the time intervals between consecutive heartbeats.

Training zones in endurance sports provide a structured framework for athletes to optimize their training and achieve specific physiological adaptations. The reasons for having training zones:

Anaerobic threshold, also known as lactate threshold, is the exercise intensity at which lactate production exceeds lactate clearance. It is an important parameter for endurance athletes, as it marks the transition from predominantly aerobic to anaerobic metabolism.